-no intentions of breaching copyright laws, just a link for all the research done online more or less-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw
Cycle rickshaw
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The cycle rickshaw is a small-scale local means of transport; it is also known by a variety of other names such as pedicab, bikecab, cyclo, becak, or trishaw. The term Rickshaw is used more broadly, and also refers to auto rickshaws, and the, now uncommon, rickshaws pulled by a person on foot. Cycle rickshaws are human-powered, a type of tricycle designed to carry passengers in addition to the driver. They are often used on a for hire basis. Cycle rickshaws are widely used in major cities around the world, but most commonly in cities of South, Southeast and East Asia.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Configurations
The vehicle is powered by a driver as one would a bicycle, though some configurations are equipped with an electric motor to assist the driver.[1][2] The vehicle is usually a tricycle, though some quadracycle models exist, and some bicycles with trailers are configured as rickshaws. The configuration of driver and passenger seats vary by design, though passenger seats are usually located above the span of the longest axle. For example, in most of South Asia, the passenger seat is located behind the driver on a "delta" tricycle, while in Indonesia and Vietnam the driver sits behind the passenger seat on a "tadpole" tricycle. In the Philippines, the passenger seats are usually located beside the driver.
[edit] Nomenclature
Cycle rickshaws are known as cyclo (pronounced see-clo) in Cambodia and Vietnam, cycle rickshaw in India and Bangladesh, trishaw (simplified Chinese: 三轮车; traditional Chinese: 三輪車; pinyin: sān lún chē) from "tricycle rickshaw", in Malaysia and Singapore, becak in Indonesia, and padyak or traysikad in the Philippines. Cycle rickshaws are known as saika in Myanmar, a transliteration of English "side car". In the United Kingdom and United States cycle rickshaws are more widely pedicabs[citation needed]. In Buffalo, New York, this type of vehicle is known as a bike taxi. In Mexico, they are called bicitaxi or taxi ecologico (literally "ecological taxi").
- In Thailand, any three-wheeler is called samlor (Thai: สามล้อ, which literally means "three wheels"), whether motorized or not, including pedicabs, motorcycles with attached vending carts or sidecars, etc. The driver is also called samlor. True, Thai auto rickshaws are known in popular parlance as tuk-tuks but, in Thai, the latter usage as well as its characteristic style is largely restricted to Bangkok and Chiangmai.
[edit] Outside Asia
Main article: Rickshaws Outside Asia
Cycle rickshaws are also used in most large European, and some North America cities, primarily their novelty values, as an entertaining form of transportation for tourists and locals, but they also have environmental benefits and may be quicker than other forms of transport if traffic congestion is high. Cycle rickshaws used out side Asia often are mechanically more complex, having multiple gears, more powerful brakes, and in some cases electrical motors to provide additional power.
[edit] Economic and political aspects
In many Asian cities where they are widely used, rickshaw driving provides essential employment for recent immigrants from rural areas, generally impoverished men. One study in Bangladesh showed that rickshaw driving was connected with some increases in income for poor agricultural laborers who moved to urban areas, but that the extreme physical demands of the job meant that these benefits decreased for long-term drivers.[3] In Jakarta, most rickshaw drivers in the 1980s were former landless agricultural laborers from rural areas of Java.[4]
In 2003, Dhaka rickshaw drivers earned an estimated average of Tk 143 (US$2.38) per day, of which they paid about Tk 50 (US$0.80) to rent the rickshaw for a day. Older, long-term drivers earned substantially less.[3] A 1988-89 survey found that Jakarta drivers earned a daily average of Rp. 2722 (US$ 1.57).[4] These wages, while widely considered very low for such physically demanding work, do in some situations compare favorably to jobs available to unskilled workers.[5]
In many cities, most drivers do not own their own rickshaws; instead, they rent them from their owners, some of whom own many rickshaws. Driver-ownership rates vary widely. In Delhi, a 1980 study found only one percent of drivers owned their vehicles, but ownership rates in several other Indian cities were much higher, including fifteen percent in Hyderabad and twenty-two percent in Faridabad. A 1977 study in Chiang Mai, Thailand found that 44% of rickshaw drivers were owners. In Bangladesh, driver-ownership is usually highest in rural areas and lowest in the larger cities. Most rickshaws in that country are owned by individuals who have only one or two of them, but some owners in the largest cities own several hundred.[5]
Some countries and cities have banned or restricted cycle rickshaws. They are often prohibited in congested areas of major cities. For example, they were banned in Bangkok in the mid 1960s as not fitting the modern image of the city being promoted by the government.[citation needed] In Dhaka and Jakarta, they are no longer permitted on major roads, but are still used to provide transportation within individual urban neighborhoods.[citation needed] They are banned entirely in Pakistan.[citation needed] While they have been criticized for causing congestion, rickshaws are also often hailed as environmentally-friendly, inexpensive modes of transportation.
In Taiwan, the Road Traffic Security Rules require pedicabs to be registered by their owners with the police before they can be legally driven on public roads, or risk an administrative fine of 300 new Taiwan dollars (TWD). Their drivers must carry the police registration documents or risk a fine of 180 TWD, but no driver license is required. The administrative fines are based on Articles 69 and 71 of the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road traffic Regulations. As Taiwanese road traffic is now heavily motorized, most pedicabs have been replaced by taxicabs, but they can still be found at limited places, such as Cijin District of Kaohsiung City.
[edit] Arts
As a key part of the urban landscape in many cities, rickshaws have been both the subject of films and other artwork, as well as being extensively decorated themselves. The rickshaws in Dhaka is especially well-known as a major venue for Bengali folk art; there, plasticine cutouts and handpainted figures adorn many rickshaws.[6]
Films featuring rickshaws and their drivers include Kickboxer and Sammo Hung's 1989 martial arts film Pedicab Driver, which dealt with a group of pedicab drivers and their problems with romance and organized crime. Cyclo, a 1995 film by Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung, is centered on a cycle rickshaw driver. Tollywood films with rickshaw themes include Orey Rickshaw ("Orey" literally means "Hey", in a derogatory tone), which tells a story sympathising with the downtrodden, and Rickshavodu ("Rickshaw Guy").
Men of Burden: Pedaling towards a Horizon (2006) is a documentary film on cycle rickshaw men in Pondicherry, India
http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_932_2005-01-24.html
Trishaws
By Tan, Bonny written on 1999-12-10
National Library Board Singapore
National Library Board Singapore
Comments on article: InfopediaTalk
Trishaws were first introduced in Singapore in 1914 as "pedal rickshaws" or pedicabs, when bicycles were innovatively added to the passenger seat of rickshaws.
History
In 1914, at least 15 trishaws were first registered in Singapore with fares similar to first-class rickshaws although they were advertised as early as 1886, then promoted as Upton Park tricycle. The trishaws proved a bulkier and less manoeuvrable vehicle compared to their more primitive brother, the rickshaw. This initial batch of trishaws in 1914 were quickly taken to be sold off in Java and were soon forgotten. It was only in the late 1920s that trishaws returned to the island and its use increased with more Chinese immigrants coming to Singapore and finding that trishaw riding proved a viable occupation. As it was easier to drive and offered twice the speed of rickshaws, trishaws soon grew in popularity not only in Singapore but also in Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and throughout Asia. World War II and the consequent lack of petrol fuelled the use of trishaws and thus the Japanese have often been credited with its invention. Just as the rickshaw evolved into the trishaw, the trishaw was easily motorised, becoming the jeepney or tuk-tuk in various Asian countries. In Singapore however, the motorised trishaw never took root and the trishaw remains pedal-powered to this day.
Description
The trishaw evolved from the Japanese invention, rickshaws. The 3-wheeler varied in design with the seat sometimes in front, and in other parts of Asia, behind the trishaw rider. But in Singapore, the seat is located at the side of the trishaw rider: a bicycle attached to a sidecar. A hood, like those found on the rickshaw, also provides shade for the trishaw passenger.
Variant Names
Indonesian/Malay Name: beca, lanca.
Japanese Name: rintaku -Although trishaws were popularised because of the Japanese Occupation in various Asian countries where the cycle-rickshaw was in use, it was only after the war in 1947 that trishaws were seen in Japan.
Vietnamese Name: cyclo.
Chinese Name: In Beijing, the cycle-rickshaw known as san lun che meaning "3-wheeled vehicle", has its seat mounted on the smaller back wheels, allowing for more leg room.
Macau Name: triciclo.
Filipino Name: padjak which is Tagalog for "kick" or "push", its expanded meaning often being "kick on out of here". Tricycle in the Philippines, often refers to motorcycles with sidecars.
Burmese Name: sai kaa, an aberration of the English "sidecar" as the tricycle has the seat on its side, similar to a motorcycle's sidecar, influenced by British army presence in the 1930s.
Thai Name: samlo.
English Names: taxicle, trishaw cab, pedicab, sidecar.
Author
Bonny Tan
History
In 1914, at least 15 trishaws were first registered in Singapore with fares similar to first-class rickshaws although they were advertised as early as 1886, then promoted as Upton Park tricycle. The trishaws proved a bulkier and less manoeuvrable vehicle compared to their more primitive brother, the rickshaw. This initial batch of trishaws in 1914 were quickly taken to be sold off in Java and were soon forgotten. It was only in the late 1920s that trishaws returned to the island and its use increased with more Chinese immigrants coming to Singapore and finding that trishaw riding proved a viable occupation. As it was easier to drive and offered twice the speed of rickshaws, trishaws soon grew in popularity not only in Singapore but also in Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and throughout Asia. World War II and the consequent lack of petrol fuelled the use of trishaws and thus the Japanese have often been credited with its invention. Just as the rickshaw evolved into the trishaw, the trishaw was easily motorised, becoming the jeepney or tuk-tuk in various Asian countries. In Singapore however, the motorised trishaw never took root and the trishaw remains pedal-powered to this day.
Description
The trishaw evolved from the Japanese invention, rickshaws. The 3-wheeler varied in design with the seat sometimes in front, and in other parts of Asia, behind the trishaw rider. But in Singapore, the seat is located at the side of the trishaw rider: a bicycle attached to a sidecar. A hood, like those found on the rickshaw, also provides shade for the trishaw passenger.
Variant Names
Indonesian/Malay Name: beca, lanca.
Japanese Name: rintaku -Although trishaws were popularised because of the Japanese Occupation in various Asian countries where the cycle-rickshaw was in use, it was only after the war in 1947 that trishaws were seen in Japan.
Vietnamese Name: cyclo.
Chinese Name: In Beijing, the cycle-rickshaw known as san lun che meaning "3-wheeled vehicle", has its seat mounted on the smaller back wheels, allowing for more leg room.
Macau Name: triciclo.
Filipino Name: padjak which is Tagalog for "kick" or "push", its expanded meaning often being "kick on out of here". Tricycle in the Philippines, often refers to motorcycles with sidecars.
Burmese Name: sai kaa, an aberration of the English "sidecar" as the tricycle has the seat on its side, similar to a motorcycle's sidecar, influenced by British army presence in the 1930s.
Thai Name: samlo.
English Names: taxicle, trishaw cab, pedicab, sidecar.
Author
Bonny Tan
References
Dying occupations of Singapore. (1978). Singapore: Raffles Interact Club.
(Call no.: RCLOS 331.70095957 RAF)
The land transport of Singapore: from early times to the present (pp. 61-64). (1984). Singapore: Educational Publications Bureau.
(Call no.: RSING 779.9388095957 LAN)
Wheeler, T. (1998). Chasing rickshaws. (pp. 24, 80, 106, 118, 129, 140, 150-157, 183-187). Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publications.
(Call no.: RSING 388.341 WHE)
Goodwood Journal, 3rd Qtr., 9-11. (1976).
(Call no.: RCLOS 052 GHCHJ
Trishaw riders hit rough patch (1998, April 17). The Straits Times, Home, p. 45.
Atkinson, D. (1999, September 23). Thai samlos. Retrieved December 1, 1999, from minyos.its.rmit.edu.au/~dwa/Samlor1.html
Further Readings
Lim, J. (1995). "Sor Leng Ngia": The rise and demise of the trishaw industry in Singapore, 1945-1983.
(Call no.: RSING 388.095957 LIM)
The vanishing trades [CD-ROM]. (1997). Singapore: Daichi Media.
(Call no.: RAV 338.64209595 VAN)
List of Images
Wheeler, T. (1998). Colour photographs and plan drawings of Singapore's trishaws and trishaws from other countries. In Chasing rickshaws. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publications.
Wheeler, T. (1998). Colour photographs and plan drawings of Singapore's trishaws and trishaws from other countries. In Chasing rickshaws. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publications.
(Call no.: SING 388.341 WHE)
National Archives of Singapore. (1999). PICAS. Retrieved December 9, 1999, from picas.nhb.gov.sg.
The information in this article is valid as at 1998 and correct as far as we can ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic.
Subject
Commerce and Industry>>Transportation
Rickshaws--Singapore
Pedicabs--Singapore
Business, finance and industry>>Industry>>Services>>Transportation and logistics
Librarian Recommendations
All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2005.
http://www.newasia-singapore.com/tours_and_promo/tours_in_singapore/trishaw_tours_20070602161.html
Trishaw Tours
Want to get around town in a unique fashion? Try exploring our historical and cultural districts like Chinatown and Little India in a trishaw.
The trishaw was a common means of transport back in the olden days in Singapore. The three-wheeled vehicle existed in its earlier form as the "Jinricksha" in Shanghai in 1880 and was manually pulled by a rider in front of a seat attached to two big wheels. The trishaw made its debut in Singapore in the 1940s, and although we do not see many trishaws on the roads now, it remains a strong icon of our rich cultural history.
The trishaw riders will take you along designated routes in Little India and Chinatown that promise the most interesting and enjoyable sights and sounds in these districts.
Each trishaw ride will last an average of 30 - 45 minutes. The price for a standard trishaw ride starts from S$25 per person. Special package rates may also be available for group tours. Please call the trishaw operator or your travel agent for information on the various packages and price range.
To get the most out of your trishaw experience, we would advise that you book the tour with one of the licensed trishaw operators. Please call the operator directly or go to their ticketing kiosks to confirm your booking. It is not advisable to engage the services of trishaw riders plying the roads.
If you have any feedback on the trishaw tours, please note down the trishaw's license plate number and the name of the trishaw rider. You may email your feedback to us at: feedback@stb.com.sg or fax to us at: 65-6734 7226 (attention to Manager, Customer Information and Service Department).
You can book a trishaw ride from one of the following licensed trishaw operators:
Tour around Little India:
Alphaland Travel Services Pte LtdTel: 6333 0381/2
Trishaw tour starts from Sungei Road
Pedicab Tours Pte LtdTel: 6336 0500/1
Trishaw tour starts from Albert Mall
Trishaw Tours Pte LtdTel: 6545 6311
Trishaw tour starts from Albert Mall
Triwheel Tours Pte LtdTel: 6336 9025/6
Trishaw tour starts from Albert Mall
Singapore Explorer Pte LtdTel: 6339 6833
Trishaw tour starts from Liang Court and Bencoolen Link
Tour around Chinatown:
Singapore Explorer Pte LtdTel: 6339 6833
Trishaw tour starts from Chinatown Trishaw Park
SINGAPORE TRISHAW TOURS
The trishaw was a common means of transport back in the olden days in Singapore. The three-wheeled vehicle existed in its earlier form as the "Jinricksha" in Shanghai in 1880 and was manually pulled by a rider in front of a seat attached to two big wheels. The trishaw made its debut in Singapore in the 1940s, and although we do not see many trishaws on the roads now, it remains a strong icon of our rich cultural history.
You won’t have to do any cycling! Lie back and explore our historical and cultural districts. The trishaw riders will take you along designated routes in Little India and Chinatown that promise the most interesting and enjoyable sights and sounds in these districts.
Each trishaw ride will last an average of 30 - 45 minutes.
Email us for the Price Quote: info@millennium-tours.com
the infamous news of a trishaw uncle bullied by british tourist.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QPc5I3YUEo
http://asia.cnet.com/blogs/geekonomics/post.htm?id=63001064
Brits in Singapore took aged trishaw driver for a ride but sparked anger over YouTube clip
Nov 2, 2007 10:27 Three British visitors in Singapore mocked an elderly trishaw uncle, refused to pay, sped off in a cab, filmed the whole incident, and posted it on YouTube. It has sparked a huge outcry online, thanks to the YouTube video and the story is now published in The New Paper and The Daily Mail.
Now the guy who posted up the YouTube video, 26-year-old Bo Davis, one of the three "bullies"
has expressed regrets and taken down the video. Regrets, but sadly no remorse.
The online public has decried the whole affair through many YouTube video comments as well as blog posts.
From what I understand, this whole furore started from this local blog post!
Am I the only one noticing that traditional journalism is now catching up with "citizen journalists" more than ever for the latest scoop on things?
MALAYSIA - updates on trishaw?
http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20100319-205573.html
| Motorised trishaws debut | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| KUALA TERENGGANU, Malaysia: Trishaw rider Abdullah Mahmud, 53, fondly known as Pak Loh, was beaming with delight when he was chosen to take Mentri Besar Datuk Ahmad Said on a maiden ride on a motorised trishaw that made its debut here yesterday. The improved version of the traditional trishaw will use a combination of three types of energy to ferry passengers - fuel, battery and conventional pedalling. Five hybrid trishaws were designed and fitted with convertible energy to enable a longer journey without exhausting the riders. The subcompact engine catering exclusively for trishaws here was designed by local automation engineer Zulkifli Haron. Abdullah said his task would be easier when pedalling the modified trishaw. previously, he had to use all his physical energy, especially if his passengers were oversized tourists. He was speaking after the launch of a programme to improve the image of the city's public transportation system by the Mentri Besar at the Terengga-nu Trade Centre here/ | |||||||||
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